The Societal Issues Of Advertising - 1729 Words

Dear Darla, It has come to my attention that you are about to launch a new healthy snack targeted to children. You have already researched about the advertising business. However, you need clarifications about ethical and legal matters relating to advertising to children. I will therefore discuss the societal issues about advertising to children. I will then guide you through the relevant UK regulations regarding food advertising to children and how they might impact the advertising of your snack. Lastly, I will explain the process for hiring an agency and how you can avoid hiring an unethical agency. Children are more and more recognised and behaving as an independent consumer group (Bo Viktor Nylund, 2014). According to Curley (2005),†¦show more content†¦Parents argue that school should be a place to learn free from psychological manipulation and pressure of advertising (Moran, 2006). Some say that children are too heavily exposed to advertising of food high in saturated fat, salt and/or sugar and can lead to unhealthy eating habits (Matthews et al, 2005). The Guardian (2006) reported that 25% of children in secondary schools in England are obese. However, many companies argue that there is no correlation between children’ obesity increase and the influence of advertisements. Furthermore, some researchers argue that advertising is a societal phenomenon that shapes our lives . Hence, it is important that children experience it so they can fully engage in society (Queen, 2002). Additionally, advertising plays a part in the child s development process by equipping children with the necessary knowledge and skills to act as responsible consumers in later life (Wfanet.org, 2015).Some argue that advertising is not the only influence for children: friends, family and school play a major role and give them a broad view of the world. Lastly,In an economic perspective, forbidding advertising to children would be an obstacle for new companies to compete with the already well-known ones. In order to advertise your new snack, you will have to respect the UK codes of practice in the advertising industry designed to protect children. The codes

How Teams And Teamwork Affect Individual Satisfaction And...

To start with, before coming to the fundamental concept of how teams and teamwork are used in everyone advantage, it is imperative to look at the individual characteristic first. As a manager in an organisation, manager has to know of how he or she can influence the performance of people who work for him or her. In a working situation, motivation among workers can be varied depending on their individual differences. As Furnham (2002) highlighted that researchers have been working on finding the triggers the motivation among individual differences to perform in an organization. He also pointed out with that differences happened on each individual characteristic, it will vary among how individual interact with organisational factors to†¦show more content†¦As another part of these drivers, age differences in the workplace are also can impact motivation among workers. Younger workers and older workers can be motivated differently according to their age. When people are getting old, they can be less motivated in the workplace. As Ilke et al. (2012) in their research that older workers are less motivated from extrinsic factors. But they get more motivated by intrinsic factors. Motivation can be defined as the factors that can push or pull a person to behave in certain ways. There is also considerable support for this view (Kanfer, 2009; Scheffer Heckhausen, 2006), which highlights the definition of motivation that related with the age factors. They stated that motivation is the tendencies to be motivated by certain factors surrounded by them, especially in the working environment. In Ilke et al. (2012) article, they showed that with the variable of age and intrinsically rewarding motivators, rewarding into their working features tend to be more motivating. Also this point of view is supported by another empirical studies (Wright Hamilton, 1978; Kalleberg and Loscocco, 1983, Kooji et al., 2011). These studies indicate that workers who are in the old groups (after 50-year-old), intrinsic rewards are more captivating for them. And for extrinsic factors, older workers are less motivated with the factors that

Management and Functional Areas free essay sample

1. In the light of the system, describe the decisions to be made in the area of strategic planning, managerial control and operational control? What information would you require to make such decisions? Ans. A management information system (MIS) is an organized combination of people, hardware, communication networks and data sources that collects, transforms and distributes information in an organization. An MIS helps decision making by providing timely, relevant and accurate information to managers. The physical components of an MIS include hardware, software, database, personnel and procedures. Management information is an important input for efficient performance of various managerial functions at different organization levels. The information system facilitates decision making. Management functions include planning, controlling and decision making. Decision making is the core of management and aims at selecting the best alternative to achieve an objective. The decisions may be strategic, tactical or technical. Strategic decisions are characterized by uncertainty. They are future oriented and relate directly to planning activity. Tactical decisions cover both planning and controlling. Technical decisions pertain to implementation of specific tasks through appropriate technology. There are 3 areas in the organization. They are strategic, managerial and operational control. Strategic decisions are characterized by uncertainty. The decisions to be made in the area of strategic planning are future oriented and relate directly to planning activity. Here basically planning for future that is budgets, target markets, policies, objectives etc. is done. This is basically a top level where up-to-the minute information on the food items ordered and breaks out percentages showing sales of each item versus total sales is provided. The top level where strategic planning is done compares the weekly sales totals versus food costs, allowing planning for tighter cost controls. The decisions to be made in the area of managerial control are largely dependent upon the information available to the decision makers. It is basically a middle level where planning of menus is done and whenever an order is voided, the reasons for the void are keyed in which later helps in management decisions, especially if the voids are related to food or service. The managerial control that is middle level also gets customer feedback and is responsible for customer satisfaction. The decisions to be made in the area of operational control pertain to implementation of specific tasks through appropriate technology. This is basically a lower level where the waiter takes the order and enters it online via one of the six terminals located in the restaurant dining room and the order is routed to a printer in the appropriate preparation area. The item’s ordered list and the respective prices are automatically generated. The cooks send ‘out of stock’ message when the kitchen runs out of a food item, which is basically displayed on the dining room terminals when waiter tries to order that item. This basically gives the waiters faster feedback, enabling them to give better service to the customers. The information required to make such decision must be such that it highlights the trouble spots and shows the interconnections with the other functions. It must summarize all information relating to the span of control of the manager. The information required to make these decisions can be strategic, tactical or operational information. Advantages of an online computer system: * Eliminates 3-carbon copies * Waiters’ handwriting issues * Out-of-stock message Faster feedback, helps waiters to service the customers Advantages to management * Sales figures and percentages item-wise * Helps in planning the menu * Cost accounting details 2. What would make the system a more complete MIS rather than just doing transaction processing? Ans. If the management provides sufficient incentive for efficiency and results to their customers, it would make the system a more complete MIS and so the MIS should support this culture by providing such information which will aid the promotion of efficiency in the management services and operational system. It is also necessary to study the keys to successful Executive Information System (EIS) development and operation. Decision support systems would also make the system a complete MIS as it constitutes a class of computer-based information systems including knowledge-based systems that support decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management level of the organization and help to take decisions, which may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance. Improving personal efficiency, expediting problem solving (speed up the progress of problems solving in an organization), facilitating interpersonal communication, promoting learning and training, increasing organizational control, generating new evidence in support of a decision, creating a competitive advantage over competition, encouraging exploration and discovery on the part of the decision maker, revealing new approaches to thinking about the problem space and helping automate the managerial processes would make the system a complete MIS. Information System INTRODUCTION As Information system (IS) can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store and distribute information to support decision making, coordination, and control in an organization. ’ (Laudon, Laudon,) However, Information System has to go through three basic activities, which include input, processing, and output in order to transform its raw data into essential information. Meanwhile, from the business prospective, IS represents an organizational and management solution based on information technology to a challenge posed by the environment. Laudon, Laudon,) Information System is useful for helping organizations to deal with changes in global economies and business enterprise. Firms use Information System on communication and analytic tools for conducting trade and managing business on a global sale. Information System is the basic of service in knowledge economies; new knowledge based products and help firms manage their knowledge assets. By using Information System, a business can adopt flatter, more decentralized structures and more flexible arrangement of employees and managements. (Laudon, Laudon,) Nowadays Information System (IS) has become a vital component of successful organisation particularly for manager in order for organisation to grow and survive. With Information System, it can provide companies with require practical and functional information that leads to efficient, operation, competitive advantage and effective management. On the other hand, Information System can critically damage and negatively effect it prospect as well as bring dissatisfaction and unable to fulfill all the requirements for success and survival if Information System appropriately sustain the business objective operation strategy of an organisation. 98 CHAPTER 7TRANSACTION PROCESSING, FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS The major functional areas in many companies are the production operations, marketing, human resources, accounting and ? nance departments. Traditionally, information systems were designed within each functional area, to support the area by increasing its internal effectiveness and ef? cienc y. However, as we will discuss in Chapter 9, the traditional functional hierarchical structure may not be the best structure for some organizations, because certain business processes involve activities that are performed in several functional areas. Suppose a cus- tomer wants to buy a particular product. When the customer’s order arrives at the marketing department, the customer’s credit needs to be approved by ? nance. Someone checks to ? nd if the product is in the warehouse (usually in the production/operations area). If it is there, then someone needs to pack the product and forward it to the shipping department, which arranges for deliv- ery. Accounting prepares a bill for the customer, and ? nance may arrange for shipping insurance. The ? ow of work and information between the different departments may not work well, creating delays or poor customer service. One possible solution is to restructure the organization. For example, the company can create cross-functional teams, each responsible for performing a complete business process. Then, it is necessary to create appropriate informa- tion systems applications for the restructured processes. As we will discuss in Chapter 9, this arrangement can be a dif? ult-to-implement solution. In other cases, the company can use IT to create minor changes in the business processes and organizational structure, but this solution may not solve problems such as lack of coordination or an ineffective supply chain. One other remedy may be an integrated approach that keeps the functional departments as they are, but creates an integrated supportive information system to help communication, coordination, and control. The integrated approach is discussed in Section 7. 8. But even if the company were to restructure its organization, as suggested in Chapter 9, the functional areas might not disappear completely since they contain the expertise needed to run the business. Therefore, it is necessary to drastically improve operations in the functional areas, increasing productivity, quality, speed, and customer service, as we will see in this chapter. Before we demonstrate how IT facilitates the work of the functional areas, and makes possible their integration, we need to see how they are organized and how they relate to the corporate value chain and the supply chain. The value chain model, introduced in Chapter 3, views activities in organizations as either primary (re? ecting the ? ow of goods and services) or secondary (sup- porting the primary activities). The organizational structure of ? rms is intended to support both of these types of activities. Figure 7. 2 maps the majorfunctional departmentsonto the value chain structure. As described in Chapter 2, the supply chain is a business process that links all the procurement from suppliers, the transformation activities inside a ? rm, and the distribution of goods or services to customers via wholesalers and retailers. In this chapter we present innovative applications that increase mainly internal functional ef? ciency, and we provide examples of improved communication and collaboration with customers and business partners as a result of these applica- tions. First, let us examine the characteristics of functional information systems. Functional information systems share the following characteristics: ? Composed of smaller systems. A functional information system consists of several smaller information systems that support speci? c activities performed in the functional area Finance Integration Integration External Systems Other Internal Systems Customers Partners Government KM Engineering Others I n t e g r a t i o n In te g ra tio n Operators CRM Accounting Marketing TPS HRM FIGURE 7. 1The functional areas, TPS, CRM, and integration connection. Note the ? ow of information from the TPS to the functional systems. Flow of informa- tion between and among functional systems is done via the integration compo- nent. (Not showing in the ?gure are applications dis- cussed in other chapters, such as e-commerce and knowledge management. ) 7. 1FUNCTIO

Water Challenges in India-Free Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Briefly describe key Water Challenges facing India and Explain why it is very Important to address these Challenges. Answer: Introduction The major problem in India is population. With the increasing nature of population water scarcity and water management is the crucial issue for the nation. There are numerous water sources but most of the sources are not used or it staged for different reasons. In this report, the possible infrastructure of the water resources and global advancement of water challenges is discussed. There are two sections in India, Urban and Rural and both these sections are facing some water challenges and these water challenges create stagnancy in their development in agriculture, industries, and education as well (Files.Ethz.Ch. 2017). All these things are interrelated as more than 700 million people are residing in 15 diverse environmental regions covering about 1.42 million have the facility to contain this facility. Most of the constructive challenges have faced by them. In a survey, it was proved that 37.7 million Indians are affecting from the water-borne diseases and these diseases are happe ned due to contaminated water (Files.Ethz.Ch. 2017). 1.5 million Children have affected due to diarrhea that impacted over the huge challenge for the nation. Nations economy is also affected by the water problems 73 million working days are lost due to that water contamination. This is the reason behind the economic fall as people are not coming for work and has created a burden of $600 million in a year (Thatte, Chandrakant 2017). As per article 47 in the Indian constitution, providing clean drinking water facility and improving the public health is the clear motive that Indian Government has stated to their civilians but most of the people in India suffering from the water contaminated disease (Chaudhuri, Sriroop and Mimi 2016). The government has taken certain initiatives for the development of water structure in India and in the 10th plan government has estimated 1,105 billion rupees for the safe water providence process. This is stated as an argument that the expenses are enormous but it is also factual that in spite of such outflow lack of secure and protected drinking water continues to be a major obstacle and a nationalized financial saddle. Underground water is the major source of water and most of the people intake this water thus as per the average water availability it is predicted as India will be a water-stressed nation in 2020 (Files.Ethz.Ch. 2017). 85% of the population in India depends on the u nderground water resources and that is the reason that underground water is considered as the most important resources in India (Bajpai et al. 2015). Water quality monitoring is important parts of water validation and for this reason, more secure water hopefully deliver in most of the places in India. From the government data analysis, it was found that 91% of urban people and 94% of rural people are healthy drinking water and that water is not contaminated as well. Analysis of water challenges in Rural Areas There are certain water challenges in rural areas, however, there are several plans are not proceeding accordingly as the initiation from the government is not effective enough to covey this. A good amount of 1,105 billion rupees has been already invested by the Government and that was estimated of the safe drinking water. The five-year planning was implemented in 1951 but still, most of the major struggles are imposed over that place and the economic burden and affect have consolidated that place as well. India only has 4% of freshwater resources and that will be distributed to the population (Fischer et al. 2015). The challenges that are controlled by the government of India as 16% of world population are established in this nation. A huge amount of people have not intake this little amount of fresh water, rather they have to intake contaminated water which creates the problem of the people to sustain their physiological function in a systematic way. Most of the rain or snow water is considered as the fresh water and around 4000 Billion Cubic Metres (BCM) all these participate via seas and rivers. So the 92% of underground water is used in the agricultural sector and industrial and domestic sector as well (Srinivasan et al 2017). Thus the problem arises when the little amount of water was distributed in all these sectors and consumption of people was less in that flow. Starting from the early independence there are several policies implemented by government and several committees are formed in this case to support the population in terms of providing safe water to their civilians. Period or Phases of water strategies and policies The first committee was The Environment Hygiene Committee (1949) which will consolidate the distribution of safe water to 90% people in 40 years time frame. There are some of the program launched and supported by UNICEF and in this phase, 254.90 Crore rupees was spent and almost 17,000 piped water supply system has been introduced during that time. In the transition technological implementation, Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) has been introduced in 1972 for the better coverage of drinking water in India and that program assisted the states and Union territories of India (Dutta et al. 2015). In 1986 The National Drinking Water Mission (NDWM) has formed by the government and that create a drafting of national water resources policies. In the session of restructuring system, Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM) has introduced in 1991 and that amends the system of drinking water providences and also constructs and reform the government processes in rural water needed areas. Almost 90% of the infrastructure was funded by the government remaining contribution was made by the community contributing (Amerasinghe et al. 2013). The sector initially covers up 67 districts and all these districts have equally changed their identity by providing a good amount of water to their region. At the modern section of the consolidation phase, the process started in 2000 and still this consolidation process of water development is going in most of the rural areas. The pattern of Swajaldhara scheme was implemented in 2007 was a five-year plan that has been stated as the 50:50 shares in between state and center. There is no need for community contribution rather the approach of the 11th five-year plan has encompassed all the individual possibilities like clean water drinking, access to food, public health care and maintaining hygiene and sanitation (Ghosh, Ruchira and Arun 2014). All these are inter-related and that becomes an extra burden for the individual to maintain the economic and physical sustainable condition. The possible challenges in rural area In the operational level of water management, there are certain difficulties that have found by the government while implementing the process (Hoekstra, Arjen 2014). These are the execution of rural drinking process where 44.5% of funds have been used and 53.5% of the work has completed. In other words, the additional approach of expenditure and the execution of the scheme are an important aspect of the government. These challenges are: The developmental framework of the key resources of water is the basic factor that encompasses the water management. Contaminated water has iron, nitrates and all other impure impingement that became the reason behind people suffering as whenever they intake this water health unbalancing situation was persisted. Groundwater exerting is the major problem for the Indian civilians as most of the people have this water and for this reason, their agricultural aspect or the general aspect of living depends on that (Greenstone, Michael, andRema 2014). The quality of water has taken from the underground level is not at all appropriate in terms of the need for the people in rural area. The fertilizer and the use of pesticides in agricultural field are creating damage to water and this is the reason water become contaminated and environment get polluted. The effort for groundwater and rainwater becomes limited if the organic pollutant has mixed with water and that create a hazardous problem for the rural people. The behavioral practice and hygiene maintenance are important for mitigating the contamination of water and that proclaims secure water deliverance to rural people (Goss et al. 2014). The profitability and dumping waste sometimes create a problem for the contamination and for that reason a better profitability and accession is addressed by the government. The Central Water Commission is responsible for the water irrigation and drinking water processes and that is the reason behind the fresh surface water availability which is allocated in the Inter-state sessions. All those industries are based on that particular water availability and that determines the quality of investment in the economic section of the nation (Sivarasu, ChandiraSekaran, and Karthik 2015). The Ministry of Pollution Control Board and State Water Pollution Control Board was going to make some of the sewage channel systems and these effluents are creating a passage for the contaminated water and those formulated situations are handled by the government and community people (Duraiswami et al. 2016). Spreading disease is another challenge that happened due to government intervention as this is one of the major challenges for the government to provide a good amount of water hat consolidate the disease maintenance and provide safe water for drinking, though these are sustained in fewer amounts. WHO has reported that 5% of the GDP of the total nation has been estimated for the public health expenses and that impacted the national economy as well. Most of the hospital care and critical situation allotment is happened in India due to contaminated water and government was trying to mitigate that for the long session of the period so that arising health hazards can be adjusted as well as economic balance is maintained. Clean water accountability and formulation or the investment that government has done for the proposed plans are promptly incorporated in some of the sections (Tortajada, Cecilia 2016). Most of the rural places are still same where government initiation and effective policy implementation is not working at all and people are not intaken secure water as well. In the article 21 the personal liberty and protection of pollution-free source of water are the major concern for the government thus their initiation has taken place for the improvement of the water security (Sharawat et al. 2017). Analysis of water challenges in Urban Areas Urban water management is important for the public health as most of the economic foundations are done in these areas. Public health and environment outcome also leveled with that issue and that creates the problem for the desired security in water. There are several health issues due to water and sanitation processes, thus government needs to take some predominant steps to mitigate this type of situation. Diarrhea is a most common disease in children below 5 years and 25% of global diarrhea death cases occur in India (Sivarasu et al. 2015). The decreasing quality of water intake and that provokes the health issues for the urban people (Hutchings et al. 2016). In the 12th Five year plan, the future approach for the water management has consolidated and that provoked the stated stages of implementation of the urban settlement. There are certain city development plans and use of underground water is the major issue of the sustainable urban water development (Paramashivaiah and Suresh 2 016). In case of less than 1, 00,000 people Stage I township is applied. Stage II is imposed for the people in between 1, 00,000 and 1 million. Stage III imposed over 1-5 million. So it was very clear that segmented version of cities and regions are defined by different stages and that also cover by policies implemented by the Indian Government (Cronin et al. 2014). Settlement management in Water In the urban water management, there are certain proposed strategies that have found for the location-specific manner of water distribution. The settlements include: Reuse of water and focusing on the recycling of water. Increase the number of water footprint and reducing the industrial sewage and contaminated water. Use of eco-restorative and implementation of low-cost technologies for the development of the water (Wang et al. 2016). In case of groundwater, the need for sustainable following manner is important. Local water bodies are needed to be protected by the government and that initiated the expansion of better and wider water distribution. Management and distribution of the ware bodes and the water resources are the main criteria of the urban water planning and that initiate better and secure water implementation. Capacity building is the major distribution that initiated by the local water bodies and that is the main reason behind water inappropriateness in India (Nair,Shadananan 2016). The recent water conclave situation will happen when the water conclave will be placed in New Delhi on 28thNov, 2017. Use of thermal power plant is the most important technological assessment that created enhancement in the water development of India. Household arrangement and distribution of water in urban areas is the major need that endorses in this situation. Most of the household (70%) have accessed tap water and 40% of the urban households have not accessed this facility. In between them, 49% of people have piped water supply in their premises and that is the reason the fresh water is needed in that as if the water is getting contaminated then most of the cases people are having this and then that much of water impacted over that (Pastakia, Astad 2014). As the population has changed the improvement in an urban water supply is also predicted. 84% of water supply has improved in this case and that protected the Indian from the contamination of water. The possible challenges in urban area The water sewage connection and the conventional way of water distribution are related to storage, diversion and pipe treatment of the urban area. For the calculated level of the classification maximum water supply level has estimated at 150% and that develop the water supply and treatment process in urban areas (World Health Organization, 2015). Sewage and city planning is the important issue in that case and that will bring up the effective challenges for the water management. In that proposed structure, there are certain challenges that urban water management has to mitigate. In that case, some of the challenges are: Local government has a poor view of their water policies and that is the reason behind the improper water distribution. Water is not properly distributed in all the sectors and that became the huge challenge for the government (Scott et al. 2015). In other words, the problem is facing in term of piping system has concerned and related to the decisions made by the government. Another challenge has faced by the urban people is the weak finance of the local government is having (Nandi, Sangeeta and Shama 2013). As the most of the local government has not enough money to implement some of the project related to secure water service and that is the reason safe water is not coming their way. For the better understanding of urban water management, most of the housing infrastructure needs to be revised so that proper planning or water supply can sustain (Goss et al. 2014). Most of the case the adequate mechanism of storage can maintain an operational process and that defines the small-scale business in terms of water delivery. Another major challenge in storage device section is water distribution system and that analyzes the expansion of covered area in case of critical issues (Chambers 2014). Most of the distribution losses and essential operational and management system in the urban areas need to be intervening by the Indian Government as they have to modify the distribution panel. Physical maintenance and operational maintenance both are interrelated to that the progression of water development and that will create additional water distribution and losses in terms of maintaining the water sustainability in India (Dutta et al. 2015). In terms of determining the resources India, more effective planning is needed from the nation's point a view. The five-year planning has implemented in the agricultural sector and industrial sector in terms of delivering adequate water in all places. Therefore, Ministry of Urban Affairs (MoUA) has implemented some innovative strategies and that develops the urban areas as well. Town and Country Planning Organization is the enactment process of government policies and that also stated whole administration process and effective provincial municipal administrative actions are taken in that case. The planning is very important in that case as the urban community development and slum areas problems are the hike problems for the urban areas thus sufficient water supply is the key maintenance for the developmental nature in urban areas(Fuller et al. 2016). The 11th Five Years Planning under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) has been implemented by the government and for those 5098 towns in 63 cities are benefitted. These implemented policies strengthen the development land and productivity of cities in terms of delivering water fa cility in the regulated framework. Urban Infrastructure Fund is formulated for the better coverage of water productiveness and facility from the drinking water amenities and gaining good health for the urbanization process (Nagendra, Harini and Ostrom 2014). The major sources of water in urban areas are rivers, groundwater, lakes, and tanks. The groundwater scarcity needs to mitigate by the technological innovations and that is the major reason behind the other provisional sector defection in water (Schfer et al. 2014). A private source of drinking water now emerges in this condition as the major changes and the cumulative effect of public demand of water make a commendable change in terms of changing the dimension of the water supply scenario in India. As most of the populations are registered in the urban section of areas thus their lifestyle and infrastructural accession are needed by the water and that will bring up the private organization to leveling water as a priced item in the market (Saleth, Rathinasamy 2016). Indian National Water Policy Water is a fundamental necessity for all life forms and is also a secure resource, hence must be used efficiently and with careful planning. While India has almost 18% of the global population, it only has 4% of the global renewable water resource, which only goes on to show the importance of proper water planning (Grumbine et al 2013). With growing population and the need to provide the entire nation with the water that is needed for sustainable development, coupled with rising challenges of drought and floods in different parts of the country every year, there will soon be conflicts within the provinces and the regions regarding the allocation of water. Water flow has reduced below ecological standards and this constitutes further challenges for the water use of the country. Challenges of the water management situation in country There have been several concerns regarding the management of the water sources in the country, among which, a few are: Rapid population growth and large parts of the country being hit by water shortage have led to a critical condition in many parts of the country (Amerasinghe et al. 2013). Water governance is still not a major point of concern, which only contributes to the problem further It is a fact that sea levels are rising due to global warming, and this has caused the groundwater to become saltier, which means a further reduction in the usable water quantity (Grumbine et al 2013). Though water is a community resource, it is still considered to be private property by many and is exploited in abundance by many, which makes it hard for some others to get access to drinkable water Intra-state disputes about water stigmatizes relationships between the provinces Proper sanitation and sewage water access is also at time difficult to obtain in many areas National Framework Law is an umbrella term that has been developed by the Government of India that would be looking into the different issues that are faced by the people in terms of access to water and aim to mitigate those issues. Governing bodies at the central, state and local levels would be employed by the government to make sure that every available resource is accessible by everyone and is used in an efficient manner (Grumbine et al 2013). This framework would be recognizing water as not only a community resource, but as a scarce one, and implement effective regulations to make sure everyone is given access to it. Climate change would be the biggest threat against water resources and hence it must be ensured at a micro level so that every community can adopt climate resilient technology so that the adverse effects of the same can be minimized (Srivastava et al. 2015). These adaptation strategies can include better management of the water resources, most notably through better agricultural strategies, that would be using the water resources more thoughtfully. The water resources structures such as dams, flood embankments have to be incorporating possibilities of climate changes when being designed so that they can also serve their purpose in the future times to come (Grumbine et al 2013). Water usage in different areas, in particular, industrial purposes, has to be appraised and also assessed properly to understand if the available water is being used in a proper way and in an efficient manner (Grumbine et al 2013). Projects have to be structured that would give incentives to efficient and economic use of water. Local irrigation patterns and infrastructure has to be reinforced. Planning procedure Intricate and minute planning has to be done that would ensure water resources management and proper use of the same. Given the fact that water situation in India is always poor and the condition is only projected to worsen due to climate change and other problems, it is only logical to plan water resource projects with efficiency benchmarks that can be prescribed in different situations (Grumbine et al 2013). Water resources are by nature inter-disciplinary, which means that the projects have to be planned with keeping in mind both the environmental as well as the social perspectives and contemporary social structure of the country. While designing the projects, it has to look into so that every stakeholder of the project is befitted and not adversely affected. If the projects are not completed in time, there is a heavy chance for the project to start incurring a loss, both environmental and social and hence the projects must be made time bound. To avoid any sort of time or cost ove r-runs, central and local government interventions have to be done (Grumbine et al 2013). Every water resources projects, as well as, hydropower projects, has to be planned in a way that would make it feasible for those to serve as multi-purpose projects and provide provisions for storage to generate maximum advantage from the existing topology and water resources. India has future water resources management plans that would be aimed at ushering in a socio-economic and environmental condition that would ensure every citizen and every region. By 2020, the country will be adopting a range of projects implement plans that would be tackling the issues of drought and flood in a much more efficient manner (Grumbine et al 2013). These projects also include planning and designing for structures that prevent soil erosions caused by rivers or other water bodies. With a changing climate, this would become increasingly important every day. Efficiently forecasting flood situations can help immensely while planning for water resources management (Gleick2014). The projects that would be undertaken by the government, would not only be focused on making sure everyone has access to drinking water but would also aim to ensure usable water and seek to improve the sanitation and sewage scenario in the country as well. Urban domestic water usage would then be drasti cally improved and be readily available by everyone. The National Water Policy of 2012 is not a temporal policy of the Government of India; rather, it aims to create a sustainable condition for the country so that the future generations and the country as a whole benefit from the policy. The policy also serves as a background for future policies and wishes to point towards the direction that the next policies should take. Case study of successful response to water challenge in India The case study is all about the historical water problem in Gujarat and the case study signifies the water-related problems in Gujarat. Development of state and increase situation for the rural sections in Gujarat is depending on the implement of water treatment that imposed over it(Un.Org. 2017). There are certain technological innovations also for the development of the state. State Wide Water Grid and Micro Water Harvesting are the technological intervention that has implemented in Gujarat. Case analysis in Gujarat Gujarat is in a critical situation as the 6.39% of nations geographical area and almost 2.28% is the only water resource that has found in this state. The state has an annual rainfall of 80 cm and that also vary in some sections(Un.Org. 2017). The state has only eight perennial rivers out of 185 rivers and all these rivers are situated in the southern part Gujarat. Before2001, drinking water availability and a population of Gujarat is the major problem for the state and central government as the supply of drinking water is delivered by the water trains and road tankers. The amount of scarcity and the harmonious social effect is implemented in that context and that has created "Water Riots" in Gujarat. Over conscripting of groundwater caused thoughtful water eminence glitches owed to extreme fluoride, salinity, and nitrate. The amount of fluoride pretentious abode augmented from 2,826 in the year 1992 to 4,187 by the year 2003(Un.Org. 2017). Dental Fluorosis is the permanent pigment t hat children are having in their teeth and experience due to the problem for the children is the major concern for the development of the nation. There is some technological initiation has taken by the government and for that reason, both these theories are imposed over the water supply development(Un.Org. 2017). Evaluation of supply line and drinking water problem is the major case in this situation that justified the water-related case study in Gujarat and state that what successful measurements have taken place in this situation for the development of Gujarat. Solar pumps have also been custom-built in 260 villages in the Government sections and about 200 more solar impelling arrangements will be mounted in the near future(Un.Org. 2017). In numerous parts of the State, counting with coastal and ancestral areas, rooftop rainwater gathering constructions have also been occupied up in public constructions, schools, and individual domestic level, which is also subsequent in considerable energy investments as all these powers also related with the water management and scheme. Drinking water supply from the bankers and trains are the best way to have safe and secure surface water and also influence the technological intervention of reverse osmosis for the non-fluoridation program(Un.Org. 2017). The environment, health sectors and economic factor of the state all these are inter-related and for that reason of the technological enhancement and the development for water availability, all these sections are needed to be highlighted due to that reason. Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board 2009 have formed and for that reason, drinking water supply and safe surface water deliverance have boosted a bit. Most of the areas are pipe covered and for the reason, underground water directly connected to each household. This is the innovative change that Gujarat government has done in recent past and that also encourage the water supply of Gujarat. Innovative implementation A new water governance model of Water and Sanitation Management Organization (WASMO) in Gujarat empowers the village level building and proactive capability. In this inception, WASMO has turned on some effective changes through the water supply program and for the implementation of the program; almost 16,740 villages are having water resources. More than 6500 villages have already started water conservation process and for that reason, water bodies are getting affected and community of decentralization program also strengthens. WASMO has a strong partnership with government and for that reason, rural community and their government bonding have effected in the operation(Un.Org. 2017). Certain innovative mechanism and policy-making the decision is implemented in the rural areas in Gujarat and United Nations Public Service Award in the category of the water sector and safety process were given to Gujarat as well. There is certain proposed transfer process in between the Narmada and mult i-state river valley policy also reflects the agricultural production and supply of drinking water in the scarcity-hit areas in Gujarat(Un.Org. 2017). Therefore, most of the innovative thinking and their projected implementation is the key success factor for the Gujarat enhancement in terms of water safety and security. Micro water harvesting, Hydropower involvement, Drip irrigation from Gujarat Green Revolution Company limited, Jyotigram Scheme for the technological initiative in the power sector and the River conservation process of water resources all these are the evaluative aspects for Gujarat and for that reason the greening sector of Gujarat and increasing flow in groundwater level in Gujarat is the concern issue for the government (Mohan, Shantha and Sailen 2015). Government is quite happy to implement that opportunity for the people in Gujarat and boost up the rural economy of Gujarat. Agricultural performance and improvement in Animal husbandry are maintaining their unstitch graph and that has made a huge impact on the Economic growth practice in Gujarat (Mehta et al. 2014). Improvement in drinking water facility and emer ging situation in agricultural enhancement situation s the key aspect for Gujarat as the government is stepping forward in the participation program and due to that program irrigation water supply and drinking water distribution is maintained in a systematic way. Conclusion Therefore, above the above findings, it can be concluded that India has an immense water problem and the problem is being enormous when a number of people have got infected for that reason. Most of the people in India have to suffer by water quite a few times and the significant reason behind is the water-related disease like diarrhea and all. There are some significant steps that Indian Government has taken for the development of water and their supply process. But most of the processes are not implemented properly as the level of involvement was not taken by the government officials. Though in this modern politics, the sociological image of India is very good in terms of managing the adverse situation. Thus their involvement and transitional level must be improved and some of the recommendations processes need to be implemented for the development of water management as well as the nation's economy. The Indian government has set some long term and short term goals and these goals h ave been set for the adoption of water and their technical assistance and that signifies the environmental change in terms of encouraging the water management. In response to the high demand for water, most of the water what people has for the intake reason is the contaminated one and this is the reason behind the increased mortality rate due to water. In this report, all these water problems in the urban area, as well as the rural area, has discussed and including these facts, Indian National Water Policy 2012 has also been discussed. The report also highlights a case study related to the successful response to water challenge and for that reason, a big impact on the water management and their stated clause has discussed. Most of the times the water management establishment and improvement is depending on better planning and programs and these can be undermined by the government for the improvement of better water conservation and uses for different purposes. In short-term goals irrigation infrastructure and the better technological assessment is the basic issue that government has looked for. Over sighting of transparency is another quality recommendation that proposed by the government and price of water is maintained for that reason. Technological assessment and increase of groundwater level are important is another key recommendation that government has set as short-term goals and these implemented programs are creating relief for the development of agricultural, industrial and amenities process. In case of setting long-term goals increase of per capita water demand is needed as in 2050, the expected population for the region is 1.6 billion and this is the most challenging situation as this country thus for mitigating of this situation sustainable water distribution is required. There are some limitations that have taken care of the central and state government in together, in that case, their collaboration and infrastructure is the c oncern issue for the sectional people. If proper water distribution is maintained then only this situation can be controlled. Thus the situation is quite clear when an amount of fresh water is very less and for that reason, water conservation and their implementation is very important to provide sustainable development of the nation. In terms of increased water availability consumption of fresh water and the reduction of carbon footprint in the water supply is important. That actually determines the situation of India and the need of drinking water for the sustainable condition of the nation. References Amerasinghe, Priyanie, Rajendra Mohan Bhardwaj, Christopher Scott, KiranJella, and Fiona Marshall.Urban wastewater and agricultural reuse challenges in India. Vol. 147.IWMI, 2013. Amerasinghe, Priyanie, Rajendra Mohan Bhardwaj, Christopher Scott, KiranJella, and Fiona Marshall.Urban wastewater and agricultural reuse challenges in India. Vol. 147.IWMI, 2013. Amerasinghe, Priyanie, Rajendra Mohan Bhardwaj, Christopher Scott, KiranJella, and Fiona Marshall.Urban wastewater and agricultural reuse challenges in India. Vol. 147.IWMI, 2013. Bajpai, Sanjay, NeelimaAlam, and VineetSaini."Water Challenges in India and Their Technological Solutions." InWater Challenges and Solutions on a Global Scale, pp. 161-184. American Chemical Society, 2015. Buechler, Stephanie, and Anne-Marie S. Hanson, eds.A political ecology of women, water and global environmental change.Vol. 15.Routledge, 2015. Chambers, Robert.Rural development: Putting the last first. Routledge, 2014. Chaudhuri, Sriroop, and Mimi Roy. "Overview of rural water supply sector in West Bengal, India: challenges and concerns." 2016. Cronin, Aidan A., AnjalPrakash, SatyaPriya, and Sue Coates. "Water in India: situation and prospects."Water Policy16, no. 3 2014: 425-441. Duraiswami, Raymond A., V. Krishnamurthy, and BabajiMaskare. "Artificial Recharge in India as an Effective insitu Water Security Intervention: Studies in Two Select River Basins." InConference GSI, pp. 66-75. 2016. Dutta, Swarup, SukantaBehera, and Ashok Bharti. "Access to Drinking Water by Scheduled Castes in Rural India: Some Key Issues and Challenges."Indian Journal of Human Development9, no. 1 2015: 115-132. Dutta, Swarup, SukantaBehera, and Ashok Bharti. "Access to Drinking Water by Scheduled Castes in Rural India: Some Key Issues and Challenges."Indian Journal of Human Development9, no. 1 2015: 115-132. Files.Ethz.Ch. 2017. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/154067/PrabhuBrief.pdf. Fischer, G?nther, Eva Hizsnyik, Sylvia Tramberend, and David Wiberg. "Towards indicators for water security-a global hydro-economic classification of water challenges." 2015. Fuller, James A., Jason Goldstick, Jamie Bartram, and Joseph NS Eisenberg."Tracking progress towards global drinking water and sanitation targets: a within and among country analysis."Science of the Total Environment541 2016: 857-864. Ghosh, Ruchira, and ArunKansal. "Urban challenges in India and the mission for a sustainable habitat."Interdisciplina2, no. 2 2014. Gleick, P. H. (Ed.). 2014.The world's water volume 8: The biennial report on freshwater resources(Vol. 8). Island Press. Goss, Paul E., Kathrin Strasser-Weippl, Brittany L. Lee-Bychkovsky, Lei Fan, Junjie Li, YaninChavarri-Guerra, Pedro ER Liedke et al. "Challenges to effective cancer control in China, India, and Russia."The lancet oncology15, no. 5 2014: 489-538. Goss, Paul E., Kathrin Strasser-Weippl, Brittany L. Lee-Bychkovsky, Lei Fan, Junjie Li, YaninChavarri-Guerra, Pedro ER Liedke et al. "Challenges to effective cancer control in China, India, and Russia."The lancet oncology15, no. 5 2014: 489-538. Greenstone, Michael, and Rema Hanna."Environmental regulations, air and water pollution, and infant mortality in India."The American Economic Review104, no. 10 2014: 3038-3072. Grumbine, R. Edward, and Maharaj K. Pandit."Threats from India's Himalaya dams."Science339, no. 6115 2013: 36-37. Hoekstra, Arjen Y. "Water scarcity challenges to business."Nature climate change4, no. 5 2014: 318-320. Hutchings, Paul, Alison Parker, and Paul Jeffrey. "The political risks of technological determinism in rural water supply: A case study from Bihar, India."Journal of Rural Studies45 2016: 252-259. Mehta, Lyla, Jeremy Allouche, Alan Nicol, and Anna Walnycki. "Global environmental justice and the right to water: the case of peri-urban Cochabamba and Delhi."Geoforum54 2014: 158-166. Mohan, N. Shantha, and SailenRoutray.Sharing blue gold: Locating water conflicts in India (NIAS Books and Special Publications No. SP6-2015).NIAS, 2015. Nagendra, Harini, and OstromElinor."Applying the social-ecological system framework to the diagnosis of urban lake commons in Bangalore, India."Ecology and Society19, no. 2 2014: 1-18. Nair, K. Shadananan. "Impact of climate change and anthropogenic pressure on the water resources of India: challenges in management."Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences374 2016: 63. Nandi, Sangeeta, and ShamaGamkhar. 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InIndian water policy at the crossroads: Resources, technology and reforms, pp. 179-207. Springer International Publishing, 2016. Schfer, Andrea I., Gordon Hughes, and Bryce S. Richards. "Renewable energy powered membrane technology: A leapfrog approach to rural water treatment in developing countries?."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews40 2014: 542-556. Schfer, Andrea I., Gordon Hughes, and Bryce S. Richards. "Renewable energy powered membrane technology: A leapfrog approach to rural water treatment in developing countries?."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews40 (2014): 542-556. Scott, Christopher A., Mathew Kurian, and James L. Wescoat Jr. "The water-energy-food nexus: Enhancing adaptive capacity to complex global challenges." InGoverning the nexus, pp. 15-38. Springer International Publishing, 2015. Scott, Christopher A., Mathew Kurian, and James L. Wescoat Jr. "The water-energy-food nexus: Enhancing adaptive capacity to complex global challenges." 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“Impact of Television Violation on Children’s Socialization” Essay Example Essay Example

â€Å"Impact of Television Violation on Children’s Socialization† Essay Example Paper â€Å"Impact of Television Violation on Children’s Socialization† Essay Introduction Children are to be considered as the hope of the tomorrow. They are the one who make our world beautiful and meaningful because of their innocence and simplicity. But are these facts still true nowadays? Or it will be just a â€Å"dream† for us now? Children’s characters, personalities and their totality as individual first develop and mold inside the home where parents are oblige and responsible to teach their children the good values and morals. But the irony for this issue is that, parents tend to forget their responsibilities as parents in supervising their kids, due to their hectic schedules and demands of their work, especially in watching television where children are expose to different kinds of indecent advertisements and commercials. Parents should allot time in spending quality moments and be on the side of their children in order for them to explain the advertisements and commercials which have an adult content.This paper intent to scrutinize the regulating of controversial television advertising and their content, but what is more important is doing this while upholding the first Amendment and; (2) impact of controversial television violation on children’s socialization.II. DiscussionTelevision is a very powerful tool to the learning of the children and it can educate them in many ways whether it is profitable or destructive to their morals and values. It contributes much most especially when parents let their children watch indecent television shows anytime of the day without their supervision. There are also shows on TV that create fear to the hearts of these children because they are able to internalize what they have seen. In a researched entitled â€Å"Television† and conducted by the University of Michigan Health System stated that â€Å"in a usual American household, there are about 7 hours spend by children in watching television everyday and there are about tens of thousands of commercials observed by the kids on TV which the public relations mark. And not only that, every year the range of 1,000 to 2,000 children watched TV ads for alcohol and the fears attributed by the television can create sleep problems. A survey showed that there was about 37 percent of the kids stated that they were terrified by a TV story and the symptoms for this included anxious feelings, withdrawing from friends, nightmares.(see â€Å"Television† University of Michigan Health System).There are also commercials that speak about sex. It is called sex in advertising. The use of sexual attraction as a tool of persuasion by drawing attention, interest to a particular product for the purpose of promotion and increase in sales had been a part of marketing and advertising industry for quite some time. The method generally uses attractive models, usually in a suggestive or provocative scene. The past two decades have witnessed an increasing use of explicit sexual appeal in consumer-oriented print advertising and particularly of women as the object of sexual desire that it has reached to the point of being common.The use of sex in advertising can range from being highly overt to extremely subtle; from explicit displays of sexual acts or nudity, down to the use of basic cosmetic products to enhance attractiveness. The more subtle forms of this spectrum have seeped into other types of media. One such example is the criteria in the selection of DJs and announcers, which is based on the â€Å"sexiness† of their voice.The use of sexual imagery in advertising has received a barrage of criticisms on various grounds. Moral and religious groups oppose it for being obscene. Feminist groups raise the issue of women’s rights, that it reduces women as mere ‘objects’. Others believe that it only reinforces sexism.A. RegulationsWay back in 1924, the American Association of Advertising Agencies published a code of ethics, stating that the following practices were unethical: · Fa lse or misleading claims about the product, whether visual or verbal · Testimonials which does not truly speak of the real choice of a witness · Price claims which is purposely done to mislead the public · Statements which unfairly disparage a competing product or service · Claims which are unproven/untested, or claims that puts statements out of context to distort the true meaning made by professional or scientific authorities · Statements, pictures, or suggestions which are offensive to public decencyEach of these ethical codes is quite vague in nature which allows a wide range of interpretations. Consequently advertisers push the limits of what is actually acceptable to advertise about their services or wares. It is in the last code wherein sex is more or less addressed as being potentially offensive to the public. The next deliberation is on the issue of what is NOT offensive to one person, may be horrible to another. It is subjective. The responsibility now lies on th e advertiser to maintain a delicate balance (see K. Stirtz. â€Å"For Most of Us, Sex Does Not Sell†).A prevailing advertising belief through the last two decades is the power of sexual imagery and suggestions on consumers. Neil E. Harrison, of the Canadian Business and Current Affairs wrote that â€Å"advertisers recognize that ‘sex sells’ because it attracts attention†. It is not sexual images or suggestion that sells the product per se, but the technique of attention-getting that has always been the cornerstone of advertising — whether consumers look with interest, or look in disgust. The point advertisers seek is for consumers to LOOK, and if the imagery pushes the borderline of what is shocking or offensive, the more it is retained in the consumer’s memory. However, an article â€Å"Playing the Game† wrote that sexual images are ineffective especially when it is ironically diametrically opposed to the product it tries to sell (T B all, P Avers. â€Å"A Brief History of Sex in Advertising†).B. Its EffectivenessSex in marketing through the years has become raunchier and raunchier, with each advertisement trying to outdo the last. Since it has become a powerful force in the marketing industry, we see the market being saturated with signs of glamorous blond women and muscle-rippling playboys. However, recent studies indicate that such a tool is no longer the sure-way answer to every marketing officer’s prayer.Although most companies utilize sex as their largest promoter of their product(s), negative results may never be far behind. Sexual ads do not always appeal to all consumers and accept sex as an acceptable marketing tool. A study done by Susan Cummings for the American Demographics Magazine, quoted that â€Å"75 percent of women and 53 percent of men aged 35 to 54 said that sex in advertising can be offensive† (Cited in â€Å"Sex Sells.No, Really!†).Other concerns being raised is how the youth react to this and how they perceive sex in advertising. There are many different opinions on how sexual appeal in advertising is defined. A slight difference had been found between young men and women. Sexual appeal for young women did not depend on how people looked in the advertisement. Focus is more on movement. It does not even have to include nudity, and models need not be exceptionally good looking for the ad to be even considered sexual. Young men also believe that the movement and the appearance of the models are of great importance. Both genders perceive an ad as sexual through words and images, even without images of nudity among the characters. Therefore, this study came to the following conclusions: that advertisement do not have to contain nudity to be perceived by young men and women as sexual in character; even movement and appearance of the models in the advertisement can make it sexual in nature; young men differ from their women counterparts in the se nse that they believe that exceptional good looks among models require an ad campaign to be so. They also believe that there is too much sex in advertising, even observing that there are companies who make use of sexual appeal even if their product is discordant with the sexual image. These young men also see advertisements as discriminating to both men and women. This research also came to the same conclusion that buying behavior does not change, since nudity in advertisement has become so common.Young female respondents also believe that there is too much sex in advertising and these failed to elicit responses. Reaction of tension came only if the image is tasteless. However, for young women, attitude and buying behavior might change if an advertisement based on sexual appeal is too sexual. A favorable response comes only if the sexual appeal is done tastefully and the appeal has any connection towards the brand. Their self-image and confidence is affected when it showed attractiv e models. Corporations are then urged to make considerations in aiming advertising towards youth in using sexual appeals in their advertisement campaigns.This means that children are prone to adapt thwarted values and morals which will affect sooner to their development as individuals and contribute in the later part of their lives. Being TV addicts is more treacherous and hazardous than taking a drug because it disseminates violence, spoils people’s intellects, and ruins not only the individual but as well as our nation and culture.III. ConclusionsA. Effects on childrenWe cannot deny the fact that children are great imitators and that is one of their natures. They really follow and imitate what they have seen and observed from other people especially when they realize that these people involve manifests excitement in doing such acts. Present television’s advertisements, commercials, shows and movies already content indecent acts such as violence, sensual actions or se x, drinking and taking drugs which have great impact to the minds of the younger generations. These kinds of entertainments will create curiosity and puzzlements to their young minds that will push them to try it by themselves. The advertisers really put an effort to convey their audiences-whether young or old-whom the actions perform on TV, those actions are worth emulating for and because of this, children are motivated to imitate it. The University of Michigan Health System further discussed that â€Å"TV shows usually speak about the use of alcohol. The existence of alcohol on TV resorts the gamut from prime-time programs.In addition, the researched informed us that those who are TV addicts are more similarly to smoke cigarettes and marijuana. However, parents are not open in discussing issues such as birth control, sexually transmitted disease and sex and even schools are lacking to give information about sex education programs and due to such reasons, children are able to acq uire sex information through watching TV. In a survey disclosed the fact that there were about 76 percent of teenagers attested that one intuition why young people indulge in sex because TV movies and programs make such thing as common and ordinary for their age group (see â€Å"Television† University of Michigan Health System). â€Å"Impact of Television Violation on Children’s Socialization† Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Apple vs The World essays

Apple vs The World essays In past years, Apple was on a downward spiral, but now the Mac is back on the right track. The interim CEO Steve Jobs has brought them from expected quarterly loses to now, first quarter net income of some 150 millions dollars. The question still remains, is Apple back to stay? With the Windows driven world of today, can Apple assert them self to claim market share? Apples stunning new hardware, user-friendly operating system, and drive for incredible new technology, will not only compare Apple to traditional PC and software maker but will stun the rest of the computer world along the way. On July 21, 1999, PC Data released a report stating the iMac, Apples entry level personal computer, was the best selling retail and mail order computer in the month of June. There are a number of different reasons why this computer beat out all other PCs on the market. One reason is the new and exciting colors the iMac is being offered in. Instead of the traditional color, beige, being offered by Dell or Gateway, the iMac comes in strawberry, blueberry, grape, tangerine and lime. Another feature for the iMac is the speed of the computer compared to the computers in its class. According to the BYTEmark integer test, the 333-MHz G3 processor in the iMac is almost twice as fast as the 500-MHz Intel Pentium III found in professional computers found today. The iMac is not the only computer offered by Apple. They have a line of professional personal computers called the G3 series. These computers are the fastest personal computers on the market today, beating other computers such as the Gateway 550-MHz Pentium III PC. Another main reason the iMac is such a big success and Apple in general is coming back is their operating system called the MacOS. Its number one feature is its user-friendliness. Apple computers such as the iMac are called plug-and-play computers. This means you plug a device int ...

ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example Some individuals monitor themselves in every condition and try to improve with time and circumstances. The ability to adapt in such individuals is always high. They utilize their social environments as a source of information. They are concerned about their actions in social gathering, social comparison information and demand of different situations. Various factors of internal and external environment influence individuals in different ways. Moral norms, attitudes, motives, social roles, type of family and guardianship, economic conditions, gender and social view towards particular gender, language and symbols and others influences value system of an individual. It has influence on their decision-making ability, level of confidence and self-perception. Risk is an uncertain situation. Fear of unknown is the most common threat of people experiencing any kind of risk. Risk can be of two forms i.e. inner risk of an individual like low self esteem, low level of confidence, language diffi culty or lack of ability while outer risk can be risk of not getting proper education, recognition, risk from cultural and community life, risk from society and many others. â€Å"In the last decade, the focus has shifted from burnout to secondary traumatic stress due to the recognition of the specific challenges of working with traumatized individuals. Whether we are addressing the impact of working with others in general or those, who have been traumatized, research agrees that we have a responsibility to maintain our own health and wellness as counselors (Iliffe & Steed, 2000; Miller, 1998; Savicki & Cooley, 1982; Sexton, 1999; Sherman, 1996) (as cited in OHalloran and Linton 2000) People react to their adverse situations differently. Some people lose their ability to work or perform under stress or high risk situations. This influences their decision-making abilities and positive development. At the same time, some individuals react differently to stressful and risky situations.

Corporate Governance & Social Responsibility Essay

Corporate Governance & Social Responsibility - Essay Example Business organizations should not be interested only on the shareholders (tutor2u, 2011, para.4). The employees as well as the users of these products need to be considered in the development of the operational strategies of the organization. The concern addressed here should reflect on the type and quality of product offered to the consumers. While some products have no adverse effect on the social life of the users, others like alcohol drinks and bhang are often associated with serious social issues. Excessive drinking and drug abuse contribute significantly to other social issues like domestic violence, sexual abuse, or even manslaughter. Product advertisement After developing a product, a business company would always want to let its product be known in the market. This is achieved through extensive promotion and advertisement of the product. The advertisements often appeal to the consumers on the benefits of the product. The contents of the advert will influence its effectivenes s (Gunter, Oates, & Blades, 2005, p.123). The adverts explain why the product ranks well above the other products in the market and provide a direction on how to use the product (eHow, 2011, para.1). Largely, the advertisements have significant impacts on the usage of the products. Researches have shown that exposure to some advert increases the consumption of the advertised product (Gunter, Oates, & Blades, 2005, p.123). Ideally, this objective of advertisement (appealing to the public to buy the product) should apply to those products not associated with social problems. However, for products that influence the society, especially the underage, the advertisements only need to be informative. The adverts should indicate prices of the product as well as where they could be obtained. For the alcoholic drinks in particular, the advertisements should stress on the targeted age group and emphasis that they should not be sold to underage. The associated health problems also need to be in dicated in the adverts and containers of the products. Spykes and the company’ decision to stop its sales It is not appropriate to rule out that Spykes was a bad product. The company studied the market trend that had been recorded in the past. Its development acme about after the company had observed that taste was moving from their traditional domestic brands like Budweiser (Case study, p.497). The product was not developed to attract underage drinkers as per the criticisms. Instead, it was targeting the drinkers in the age bracket of 21-30 (Case study, p.497). Besides, the product had caffeine additive to improve on its energy content. It also had lower alcohol content than the wine; it had 12% alcohol content. The only mistake that the company did was that they did not emphasize on the age bracket that was targeted by the product. Even though the product was developed to attract the young adults, its sweetest taste was criticized to attract the teenagers. It is assumed tha t alcoholic drinks with high-energy content are popular among the teenagers (Case study, p.498). The decorations at the website were also seen as appealing more to the teenagers than adults. After all the criticism that was launched on the product and its advertisement, the company did the right thing to withdraw the product. The so-called â€Å"self-appointed† civil activists are very significant influential in the market as

Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

2 - Assignment Example The company owns over 7 million hectares of land across the Northern Territory and Queensland. The company’s strategy is to operate in diversified agribusiness operations and bring innovation in existing business practices in order to achieve long term gains. ActivEX Limited is an Australian mineral and exploration company that specialises in identifying, acquiring, and distribution of minerals. The company aims to increase shareholders’ value by investing into quality projects including minerals such as gold, copper, cobalt, etc. The company is involved in activities such as drilling, soil testing and mapping, data compilation, and reviewing. Adcorp Australia is a leading advertising agency owned locally and offers services including branding, advertising, creative design, event management, media planning and promotions. a) The monthly returns of the three companies are calculated using the following formula: Monthly return = (Current adjusted close price/Previous adju sted close price) – 1 The historical prices of the three companies are obtained from Yahoo Finance and the individual monthly returns of the three chosen stocks are shown in the appendices section. The period under study was for 61 months ending on Dec 31, 2012. The calculations are made in the MS-Excel spreadsheet application using the above formula to calculate monthly returns. Then the average monthly return is calculated using the Excel function AVERAGE that computes the average of given numbers. The standard deviations of adjusted closing prices are calculated using the STDEV function of MS-Excel. Standard deviation is the measure of risk of investment which measures the stock volatility over a given period of time. The expected return from the stock is calculated using the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) approach, where there is the concept of Beta. From the above summarised risk-return analysis, it can be said that the returns of all the three stocks are equal since beta is very close to zero but it is positive. This means that investment in either of the companies is safe as it is apparent that the standard deviation of market index (AORD) is more volatile than the chosen stocks. From the theory of risk-return, it can be said that the higher the risk, the higher would be potential return. This is true in case of AORD since the risk borne by the investor must be compensated by higher expected returns. When the individual stocks of the companies are compared to AORD, it can be said that all the three stocks have lower standard deviation or risk associated with investment. This would alternatively mean that the returns from these stocks would be lower due to less associated risk. This can be verified from the expected return that calculates the estimated return from the stock using CAPM. In this study it was found that expected return of AORD was higher than the three chosen stocks due to a higher risk. Also, for the given return, the rational i nvestor would select the stock that is least risky and in this study riskiness of investment is determined using standard deviation. A higher value of standard deviation means that the stock is more risky and vice versa. From the above table, it can be said that Activex Limited is the least risky (the lowest standard deviation among other two stocks) and Australian Agriculture Co. Ltd is the riskiest (the highest standard deviation among other two stocks). b) In order to estimate the beta for each of three chosen

Relationships: Reading Material & Student Workbook

Relationships: Reading Material & Student Workbook Love Yourself Be kind to yourself when you make mistakes. Remember no one is perfect. Stop looking towards others for approval. Look inside yourself, and love every part of you. You shouldnt allow other people to tell you who you are. You are the only one who can decide that. You need to love yourself first before you can genuinely love others. Family Time Quality time is time spent doing an activity that is meaningful to the whole family. You learn about your family from the time you spend together. The learning process takes place in the many daily tasks of life done as a family. Like: Eating meals together Talking over the days activities Dealing with challenges Interacting with people outside the family Ideas for family activities: _For Example†¦.Make Tuesday night the family game night or start a new family tradition._____ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Sibling Rivalry What causes sibling rivalry? Birth Order Brothers vs. sisters Age Parental attitude Tips to avoid getting into a fight with your brother or sister: Always stop, breathe, and think before arguing. Remind yourself that you have special talents. Try to praise your siblings for their achievements share their pride. Past experiences with my siblings how I could have handled them differently or better: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thoughts for how I could positively handle other situations with my siblings: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Teen Years The teen years are the most challenging years for families. Remember your parents will always be your parents and still have authority of what you do under their roof. Follow the curfew set and know that parents will always worry about you especially if you are late. Call them when youre going to be late. Effective communication is key. If parents feel that you are keeping them in the loop, you will gain more of their trust and respect. Believe it or not parents do know what is best for you so listen and learn from them. Learn from their life experiences. Choose wisely when selecting your group of friends and/or boyfriend. You are who you hang out with. You will take on their characteristics within one months time. Repeat and Acknowledge Repeat and acknowledge is a communication tool that will help to identify the real problem and allow both parties to fully acknowledge the other persons feeling and concerns with out an argument. Role Play Rules Two participants: A Giver and a Receiver Giver speaks a feeling Receiver states back and ask for corrections, â€Å"What I hear you saying is†¦.. Is this correct?† If the Giver answers YES the Receiver will own, acknowledge and validates the givers feelings, If the Giver answers NO The Receiver will repeat step one until they come to a YES. Choose Your Friends Wisely! Your friends have such a powerful influence over your attitude, reputation and direction. The need to be accepted and part of a group is very powerful. Too often friends are chosen based on whoever will accept us. Its hard, but sometimes it is better to have no friends for a time than to have the wrong friends. The wrong group can lead you down all kinds of paths you really dont want to be on. You can look for friends anywhere; they dont have to be the same age as you. You can be friends with your parents, your grandparents, cousins, etc. Anyone who shares your interests and will be there for you is a friend! Qualities to Look For In a Friend Someone you can trust. Someone who encourages you to succeed and achieve and celebrates your successes. A person of good character (honest, sincere, loyal, respectful, responsible). Peacefully resolves conflicts. Has strong positive relationships with his or her parents and other adults. Serious about school. Knows how to make plans and set goals. Has a positive view of the future. Gets along with many different people. Kind and compassionate. Respects himself or herself. Avoids dangerous situations. Takes positive risks. Gives back to the community and serves others. Is a positive influence on yourself and others. Qualities I feel are important when looking for a friend: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Qualities I want to avoid when looking for a friend: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Qualities that I will have as a friend to others: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Develop Lifelong Friendships While in College Developing lifelong friendships may be one of the most rewarding aspects of college life. Friendship Statistics Between the ages of 15 and 25 is when most people establish lifelong friendships. Singles tend to rely on friends for companionship. Best friends usually become an extended family. College friends are somewhat different than friends from high school because you bond in different ways. You may bond during late night study sessions, making dinner together, or during long drives home. Theyre somewhat like your family away from home. Some friends may make sure that you wake up in time for your midterm or make you soup when youre sick. During college there are a variety of ways to develop these friendships, which have the potential of becoming lifelong friendships. Living with Roommates Sometimes many students make lifelong friendships with their roommates. If you have a good experience with your roommate during your first year of college, you may want to continue living with that roommate. You may also decide to live with other people as well. Sharing a house or an apartment allows you to spend time with people and really get to know who they are. You may learn things that only their families know about them like how long they take in the shower or what kinds of odd things they like to eat. Living together also provides opportunities for a lot of inside jokes, which can create even stronger bonds. You may also become closer when one of you becomes sick, and the parental instinct kicks in. Joining a Club By joining a club, you may be able to find people who share similar interests. Usually college campuses offer a variety of clubs like those that are associated with academic majors, public interests, politics, music, or careers. There are also fraternities and sororities at different colleges. Clubs provide an opportunity to meet people outside of the classroom, and the opportunity for you to get involved with something that youre passionate about. Being involved in extracurricular activities may also alleviate some of your stress. Making Friends for Life Developing lifelong friendships does take some time. Dont be discouraged if the first couple of people you meet dont turn out to be the type of friends you were hoping for. You may need to keep on trying to meet new people. You may make friends with people who you wouldnt have considered being friends with before. If you feel uneasy about the friends you have made, try to remember what you liked about your friends from high school. Keep yourself surrounded by good people who share similar goals to help you stay on track. Tough Decisions You are young, free and have your whole life before you. You have to choose which path you take in life: Do you want to go to college or graduate school? Should you try out for that team? What type of friends do you want to have? Who will you date? What values will you choose? What will you stand for? What kind of relationship do you want with your family? How will you contribute to your community? When The Going Gets Tough The tough challenges are conflicts between doing the right thing and doing the easier thing. They are the key tests, the defining moments of life and how you handle them can literally shape your life. They come in two kinds, small challenges and major challenges. Small Challenges occur daily and are easier to conquer. They include things like: Getting up when your alarm rings Controlling your temper Disciplining yourself to do your homework. Overcoming spending urges and saving money. If you can conquer yourself and be strong during these challenges your days will run much more smoothly. Soon enough, these moments will prove to have less and less power over your life. Major Challenges occur every so often in life and include things like: Choosing good friends Resisting negative peer pressure Rebounding after a major setback Parents divorcing Getting cut from a team These challenges have huge consequences and often strike when youre least prepared for them. If you recognize that these moments will come then you can be prepared for them and meet them head on. Peer Pressure What is Peer Pressure? It is the pressure, stress or strain we all feel from friends and classmates to act, behave, think and look a certain way. This kind of pressure can cover everything from fashion to sex and dating. Peer pressure can be negative, where someone is coerced into doing something that they know is wrong (e.g. drugs, smoking, or pressure to have sex) or it can be positive, for example, a teen whose friends are all high achievers in school will feel pressure to also be successful. Beware of friends that seem to be friends but really are not. They may try to take advantage of you. Do unto others as you would want them to do unto you. They may do some things to you that you would never do to them. Who is Affected By Peer Pressure? Anyone can be affected by peer pressure; however, teens with low-self esteem are most likely to fall victim to negative peer pressure. Overcoming Peer Pressure Some of the hardest moments come when facing peer pressure. Saying no when all of your friends are saying yes takes raw courage. Sometimes peer pressure can be so strong that the only way to resist it is to remove yourself entirely from the environment youre in. This is especially true if you are involved with a gang, sorority, or a tight group of friends. To overcome peer pressure, youve got to care more about what you think of you than what your peers think of you. So Why is Peer Pressure so Hard to Resist? It is because you want to belong. Everyone wants to feel accepted by some sort of a group. Thats why teens are often willing to go through brutal hazing rituals to become a member of a club or get heavy into drugs or drinking in order to fit into a particular group. Sometimes you simply need a wake-up call to snap out of it. Why do Teens Pressure Other Teens to do Things? Some teens believe that manipulating people to do things they shouldnt gives them a sense of control over others. Some teens are jealous and envious of what you have, but only want to be more like you. Some teens think its cool to try to get away with doing things that are wrong just to see if you will side with them. Some teens use pressure to get whats best for them, even though they know that the outcome wont be good for you. This is very self-centered thinking. How do You Walk Away from Peer Pressure when you Know its Having a Negative Impact on you? The idea that â€Å"everyones doing it, so it must be cool† is not always true. Dont go along if you are uncomfortable with the idea. Ignore the person. Hang out with people who dont pressure you to do risky things. Even though its tough to say â€Å"no† you can do it if you believe in yourself. Try it and see how good it makes you feel. Often, you will find others agreeing with you. It can really make things a lot easier if you have at least one other friend who is on your side. Make up your mind beforehand that certain things in life will always be a definite ‘NO; like drugs, cigarettes, lying and stealing. Remember that the values that your parents taught you will make you stronger in handling peer pressure and you can always use them as your excuse as why you wont do something. Since it is rather difficult to always say no to friends, try and choose likeminded people as friends. Refuse to let yourself down. If you can think of peer pressure as letting yourself down, it becomes easier to combat it. It will make you feel more confident and raise your own self -esteem. Ways to Resist Negative Peer Pressure Walk away. Ignore the person Pretend that the person must be joking. (â€Å"What a riot! You are so funny.†) Say no calmly but firmly. Say no and give a reason (â€Å"No. Cigarette smoke makes me sick.†) Say no and state a value or belief thats important to you. (No. Ive decided not to have sex until I get married.†) Say no and warn about the possible consequences. (â€Å"No way! We could all get expelled.†) Say no and change the subject. (â€Å"No, Im not interested. Say, what did you think of that stunt Clarisse pulled in math class today?†) Say no and offer a positive alternative. (â€Å"No thanks, Ill pass. Im going for a bike ride. Want to come?) Say no and ask a question. (No! Why would I want to do that?†) Say no and use humor. (â€Å"Forget it. Id rather go play on the freeway; its safer.†) Say no and apply some pressure of your own. (â€Å"No. Hey, I always thought you were smarter than that.†) Share your feelings. (â€Å"I dont like being around people who are drinking.†) Use your parents as an excuse. (â€Å"My dad would kill me if I ever did that.†) Stick up for yourself. (â€Å"Im not going to do that. It wouldnt be good for me.†) Confront the person. (â€Å"I cant believe youd ask me to do that. I thought you were my friend.†) Call another friend to help you. Always have an out a Plan B. (â€Å"Sorry, I cant come to the party. I promised my sister Id take her to a movie.†) Make an excuse. (â€Å"Gotta run. I told my mom Id clean my room.†) Laugh. Hang out with people who dont pressure you do to risky things. Ask a peer mediator to help. Tell an adult. Trust your instincts. If something doesnt feel right, it probably isnt right. Avoid the person from then on. Just Say NO! Why is ‘NO, a two letter word, so hard to say? Say ‘No it may be tough, but believe in yourself and often you will find others agreeing with you. Practice saying ‘NO for all the right reasons. Role play saying ‘NO with a family member or a friend. Once you say ‘NO understand that there is no going back. People will eventually respect you more for standing up for yourself. Saying ‘NO means you can feel more in control of your life. List any suggestions from class for avoiding peer pressure: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Not all peer pressure is bad. If you can find friends who put positive pressure on you to be your best, then hang on to him or her for dear life, because you have someone very special. If your self-confidence and self-respect is low, how can you expect to have the strength to resist? Make a promise to yourself and keep it Help someone in need Develop a talent Renew Yourself Eventually youll have sufficient strength to follow your own path instead of going down the beaten path. Dating 101 Be clear with yourself about what kind of qualities you ideally want in the opposite sex based upon your needs and values. Once you set the qualities you need, never wavier from them. Know what personality characteristics and values you want your date to have. Be clear with yourself about your minimum requirements and what you will and wont be satisfied with. Dont be misled by what you see in the beginning. Dont make a long-term commitment during the first phase of the relationship. You should also delay committing yourself to the person until after you have had an argument or two. Your potential partner needs to get to know you, so be visible, open and honest from the beginning. Suggested similarities for better relationships Similar core beliefs and values regarding ethics, morals, religion and spiritual issues. Contents and style of life. Desire and need for affection and togetherness. Standards of cleanliness and order. Beliefs regarding division of labor and responsibilities. Level of need and desire for social activities. Amount of involvement with others. Types and frequency of activities. Characteristics Qualities I am looking for in a relationship: _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ As I date, I have learned that I want: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As I date, I have learned that I dont want: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Healthy Vs. Unhealthy Relationships What Makes a Healthy Relationship? Mutual respect The key is that your significant other is into you for who you are for your great sense of humor, your love of reality TV, etc. Does your partner listen when you say youre not comfortable doing something and then back off right away? Respect in a relationship means that each person values who the other is and understands and would never challenge the other persons boundaries. Trust Its ok to get a little jealous sometimes jealousy is a natural emotion. But how a person reacts when he or she feels jealous is what matters. Theres no way you can have a healthy relationship if you dont trust each other. Honesty This one goes hand-in-hand with trust because its tough to trust someone when one of you isnt being honest. Support Its not just in good times that your partner should support you. Some people are great when your whole world is going well, but cant take being there when things are going wrong. In a healthy relationship, your significant other is  there with a shoulder to cry on when  you find out your parents are getting divorced and to celebrate with you when you get the lead in a play. Fairness/equality You need to have give-and-take in your relationship, too. Do you take turns choosing which new movie to see? As a couple, do you hang out with your partners friends as often as you hang out with yours? Youll know if it isnt a fair balance. Things get bad really fast when a relationship turns into a power struggle, with one person fighting to get his or her way all the time. Separate identities In a healthy relationship, everyone needs to make compromises. That doesnt mean you should feel like youre losing out on being yourself. When you started going out, you both had your own lives your own families, friends, interests, hobbies, etc.   and that shouldnt change. Neither of you should have to pretend to like something you dont, give up seeing your friends, nor drop out of activities you love. You also should feel free to keep developing new talents or interests, making new friends, and moving forward. Good communication Youve probably heard lots of stuff about how men and women dont seem to speak the same language. We all know how many different meanings the little phrase no, nothings wrong can have, depending on whos saying it! But whats important is to ask if youre not sure what he or she means, and speak honestly and openly so that the miscommunication is avoided in the first place. Never keep a feeling bottled up because youre afraid its not what your BF or GF wants to hear or because you worry about sounding silly. What Makes an Unhealthy Relationship? A relationship is unhealthy when it involves mean, disrespectful, controlling, or abusive behavior. Some people live in homes with parents who fight a lot or abuse each other emotionally or physically. For some people who have grown up around this kind of behavior it can almost seem normal or ok. Its not! Qualities like kindness and respect are absolute requirements for a healthy relationship. Someone who doesnt yet have this part down may need to work on it with a trained therapist before he or s